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Graphene production techniques
A rapidly increasing list of graphene production techniques have been developed to enable graphene's use in commercial applications.
Isolated 2D crystals cannot be grown via chemical synthesis beyond small sizes even in principle, because the rapid growth of phonon density with increasing lateral size forces 2D crystallites to bend into the third dimension. However, other routes to 2d materials exist:
The early approaches of cleaving multi-layer graphite into single layers or growing it epitaxially by depositing a layer of carbon onto another material have been supplemented by numerous alternatives. In all cases, the graphite must bond to some substrate to retain its 2d shape.〔
==Exfoliation==
As of 2014 exfoliation produced graphene with the lowest number of defects and highest electron mobility.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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